If assigned by the manufacturer, a MAC address usually encodes the manufacturer's registered identification number and may be referred to as the burned-in address ( BIA). MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a network interface controller (NIC) and are stored in its hardware, such as the card's read-only memory or some other firmware mechanism.
Logically, MAC addresses are used in the media access control protocol sublayer of the OSI reference model. MAC addresses are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet.
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